Sunday, December 29, 2019

Democracy in The Middle East Essay - 1166 Words

The imposing of liberal democracy into foreign states and in particular into the Middle East would not necessarily create peace due to their cultural and geographical context. From a westernised perspective we may heavily associate the nature of democracy with peace but the history of international relations and theory has continue to show that this is definitely not the case. The Democratic Peace Theory itself contains weakness and vulnerabilities due to its reliance on ‘casual logic’ (Layne 1994, Pg. 13) lacking of detailed explanations. When considering peace as a direct outcome of liberal democracy it is vital to comprehend that peace does not only involve in international relations between states but also in terms internal strife†¦show more content†¦If democracy was to be imposed onto states in Middle East to conclude conflict, the eventual result would be collaboration to revert back into their cultural political standing of sovereignty which for the Germ ans was monarch rule due to the lack of existing democratic traditions that the United States, France and England previously developed. The effects of replacing the monarchy tradition of Germany with a democracy by the League of Nations reveal that democracy does not provide society with peaceful social norms but rather that existing social norms and cultures that determine the acceptability of democracy in their society. The after effect of the Treaty of Versailles is a classic example that the forced adoption of democracy to a foreign state will not create peace and instead would produce internal strife due to oppression and aggression towards their institution that enforced this artificial democracy like the League of Nations compared to the contemporary United Nations. In a more comprehensive investigation of the Weimar Republic with the Democratic Peace Theory, the particular belief that democratic governments would not attack of pose as aShow MoreRelatedA Democracy Of The Middle East1304 Words   |  6 PagesVarious forms of democracy have been around since Ancient Greece and Rome. Over the years citizens have revolted against monarchies, dictatorships, and oligarchies in favor of democracies and republics. It is rare to come upon a country in which the citizens overthrew a democratic government in favor of anything else. This suggests that a democracy is the ideal form of government that citizens will continue to revolt until they reach. Francis Fukuyama agrees when he asserts that capitalist, liberalRead MoreDemocracy in the Middle East Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last century, the Middle East has been the location of ethnic rivalry, political and economic instability, religious conflict, territorial dispute and war. Much of this tension in the Middle East comes from the various interpretations of Islam and how the religion should be applied to politics and society. Over the last ten years, the United States and their allies have pushed to promote democracy in the Middle East. However, they too have many obstacles they must overcome. They face problemsRead MoreThe Potential Effects Of Democracy On The Middle East1971 Words   |  8 Pages The Potential Effects of Democracy in the Middle East Democracy has often been affiliated with reflective notions such as freedom and liberty, as well as the belief that people deserve a voice to represent their demands and the majority of a population should have its way. The first idea of democracy promotion started with Wilsonian ideas, the democratic peace theorem, and the long-term security interests of all democracies (Huber, 2008). It is often regarded as an abstract concept with varyingRead MoreThe Debate For Democracy During The Middle East1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn the debate for democracy in the middle east, many scholars suggest that Islamists are the main obstacle to overcome. By the last decade, Islamist parties and candidates have engaged in elections throughout in about eight Arab countries with almost modest results. Thus, Islamist may have a heavy degree of support among most of the consitunets who agree with anti-regime sentiments. At the same time, ruling elites also give overwhelming support to maintain security and other privileges. There areRead MoreWestern Democracies And The Middle East And North Africa1923 Words   |  8 Pagessuccessful democracies and dictatorships (especially in regards to the Middle East and the North Africa region), as well as examples of those that are failing, particularly in an economic sense. Whilst it is indeed argued that the introduction of democracy to many of the Middle Eastern countries may indeed encourage economic development, there are also many arguments as to the benefits that non-democratic countries can achieve in the same field. The example of the strength of Western democracies, whilstRead More The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Protecting Democracy in the Middle East3988 Words   |  16 Pagestimes,† he says. What has brought Benjamin Netanyahu to the head of government in Israel is the need to bring peace, to bring about an end to violence, and to erase the misdeeds of the past and renew the spirit of cooperation and harmony in the Middle E ast. It is a task of mammoth proportions, rife with possibilities for failure, but one which is the responsibility of any government that is to be taken seriously by the international community to undertake. The peace that Israel seeks is often hamperedRead MoreSecretary Of State Condoleezza Rice1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn June of 2005, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice went up to 600 people at the American University in Cairo and delivered a very powerful speech on the advancement of democracy in the Middle East. â€Å"For 60 years, my country, the United States, pursued stability at the expense of democracy in this region here in the Middle East, and we achieved neither, she declared, â€Å"Now we are taking a different course. We are supporting the democratic aspirations of all people.† Her speech was seen as an attackRead MoreOil And Natural Gas : A Source Of Strategic Power956 Words   |  4 PagesOil and Democracy in Middle East Fossil energy (i.e. coal, oil and natural gas) is generally considered as a main force that drives innovation of new technology and highly developed economy around the world from industrial revolution. It is also the â€Å"lifeblood† of the global economy and takes up 80% of world’s net primary energy supply. However, due to the huge exposure of oil reserves in Persian Gulf after World War I, geopolitical struggles and potential conflicts surrounding fossil energyRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of the Arab Springs823 Words   |  3 Pagesyou ever been to the Middle East? Well, if you havent, you sure are missing out on a lot. There is one thing for sure, you are missing out on those Arab Springs. Yes, I said it, Arab Springs, which are getting into a big issue. Arab Springs is a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011. The people in the Middle East are uprising their rulers’ choices of their decisions and hoping to have a democracy. There were many countriesRead MoreThe United States Should Promote Democracy998 Words   |  4 PagesI affirm Resolved: The United States ought to promote democracy in the Middle East Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, and is one with representative institutions and a rule of law. Observation 1: when we talk about promoting democracy, there are many ways to carry out this promotion. The United States is not obligated to take one course of action. Rather, the US can alter and adjust its approach to what is most suitable for that

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Race And Ethnicity The Civil Rights Era - 1923 Words

From the beginning of time , race has seem to be a topic of discussion. There has always been reoccurrences in history about race problems and skin tone issues. Many thought the Civil Rights era would bring a end to race issues in America but that was just a pseudo. By reading , Dreams from my Father , one can get the sense of the struggle for identity and finding a place of belonging. The United States can not escape the historical legacy that it has built over the years when dealing with race. Obama’s famous quote in the book proclaims , â€Å"My identity might begin with the fact of my race, but it didn’t, couldn’t, end there (Obama 111). This famous quote signifies Obama need to know more about him; he is proclaiming that although race and ethnicity is just a slight image of who you are , there are many externalities that influence ones identity and how they are formed as a person. Race is something that might always be apart of your identity , but just know ing your race isn’t critically thinking deep enough . One must search deep into their roots in order to understand their true indeitiy and where they belong in this tangled world. During this book, Obama searched sin Kenya for faith, hope , and inspiration through his African ancestry. Growing up , young Obama struggled without having a real father to guide him. Without a father , Obama lacked guidance from the person he needed it the most from. Though he had guidance form his grandparents and mother who took tremendousShow MoreRelatedOppression And Dehumanization Of African Americans Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pages Regardless of race or ethnicity, it is my belief that people in general, will stand up for their rights no matter what they have to do in order to get their rights recognized, they will do it. In this case, African Americans had to fight to mold the country and freedom that they desired. When a group of people become oppressed they will learn to band together to mold their future and the future of their children. I would like to look into this from the point of view that even though we are referringRead MoreIs the Emphasis on a Color-Blind Society an Answer to Racism Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesnot biased against other races are the main ones that are judgmental to how certain ethnicities act. Regardless of a color-blind society, there is still going to be racial inequality. Color-blind racism is basically racism that acts as if color doesn’t matter, when in actuality, it really does. Whites believe that if they use color-blind racism, they aren’t racist. They bypass the word â€Å"black† and use other words to substitute it for. They bypass the word â€Å"race† and instead use wordsRead MoreEssay about Hist204 African American Annotated Bibliography1098 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans Hester 1 The African American race and the events they have been involved in from 1865- resent day, have single handedly contributed to and shaped the race they are today and the issues they deal with now. There are six specific areas of history that had great impact an effect on shaping African Americans, their culture, the society, and even social status to date. These events include The Civil War, this marked the beginning of freedom for blacks or so they thought. It directlyRead MoreDog Whistling Is A Term Used By Politicians1603 Words   |  7 Pageshave been maneuvering and scheming for years during elections for the peoples vote. They have always put on a show for the people just to receive their vote. They set their sights on an office of public position and they begin a long and hard working race to gain votes. Dog whistling is just a different way for them to use codes or demonstrate to certain people to what they are really trying to say. Politicians portray a good and upright demeanor. It’s part of their job. During their campaign for aRead MoreThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is a period of the United States history that most people see as an era in the past. The Civil rights movement brought about reform and change that made people of all races and ethnicities equal in society; however, some 60 to 70 years later, there is struggle for true equality for all races and ethnicities in America. In Malcolm X’s speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† Malcolm X believes that civil rights are human rights, and all African Americans are â€Å"justified in seekingRead MoreMulticulturalism As Basis For Varied Ethno Racial Projects863 Words   |  4 PagesBasis for Varied Ethno-Racial Projects: The United States and Germany in Comparison Emerging during the post-WWII reality of the United States, the term â€Å"multiculturalism† has long been embedded into the fabric of American understandings of race and ethnicity. Despite recent efforts to move ‘beyond multiculturalism’, this word and the color-blind ideology supporting it will continue to shape the trajectory of attitudes, policies and activism in the United States. Similarly, multiculturalism in Germany—whichRead MoreRacism Through Eras, By James Baldwin And Brent Staples951 Words   |  4 PagesRacism Through Eras Today, racist sororities and fraternities on college campuses have grown to be a public crisis. Recently at the University of Oklahoma, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) fraternity released a video including racial slurs and lynching of African Americans (Glionna et al.). This activity shows that there is racism among Americans even in the twenty-first century. There are many other publicized cases involving racism in American society which proves that racism is not just an issueRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Must Stop Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe great era of civil rights started in the 1960s, with Martin Luther King, Jr.s stirring I have a Dream speech at the historic march on Washington in August of 1963. At the same time Birmingham Police Commissioner Bull Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights activists. Although these years proved to be the highlight and downfall of civil rights in America, even with the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act beingRead MoreAffirmative Action Is The Perfect Plan1173 Words   |  5 Pagesbased off their race and skin color. This became â€Å"positive† discrimination otherwise known as affirmative action. Affirmative action is a method benefiting anyone who have experienced discrimination particular to one’s education and/ or employment (Affirmative Action). In today’s age affirmative action is creating â€Å"reverse racism† due to colleges and universities wanting more diversity in their schools, setting white people at an unfair disadvantage. During the 1960’s, implementing race-based affirmativeRead MoreWhite Privileges During The Past History1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom, to not be slaves; they fought for their freedom to be an equal. But yet they are still paid lower and thought of as â€Å"problem people†. How is white privilege still seen today? White privileges are still happening to day in our non-segregated era, we are thought to be equal but there are still imbalances with our social and economical ways. In this paper, I will discuss how white privilege was seen in the past history, and in the present with social and economical ways. White privileges were

Friday, December 13, 2019

Mission and Vision Statement Free Essays

We are a casino entertainment company established with the aim of providing gaming options for the people of America. We offer effective services and we put our customers first in what we do. With branches in Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, we remain one of the premier casino entertainment corporations to be established in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Mission and Vision Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our company, we always put a smile on the faces of our customer. With over 46 years experience in the industry, we appreciate our successes and positively projects into the future. Our primary goal still remains to maintain our public image by remaining the best in the industry. We know our employees are pivotal to the achievement of this goal so we place much value on our employees. As we enthusiastically approach a new century of opportunity, we are quipped with the resources that will ensure our integrity, effective management and staff and provision of quality products and services. Our philosophy remains the same, our vision clearly, our horizons broader and our business strategies stronger. Our company is strategically placed and we aim at maximizing value for our shareholders, our employees and our communities. How to cite Mission and Vision Statement, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Business Ethics Ethicality and Legitimacy

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethicsfor Ethicality and Legitimacy. Answer: Cultural Relativism on the ground of ethics of business is considered as the major ethical theory on discussing the business ethics in the context of culture. Entrepreneur has already introduced the pitfall for the variation of ethics across cultures. According to Steve Veltkamp the president of BizShop which is a business of import and export stated that the common way of doing businesses in the foreign places is introduction of Bribery (Demuijnck, 2015). Therefore, this practice badly affects the cultural context of a business ethics. The cultural relativism of a business ethics can be explained on the basis of Discourse theory and is implementation in business as well as virtual theory and its implementation in business. In the business term Discourse Ethics are been advocated by two ways. First is concerning on the corporations role within society and drawing the theory on deliberate democracy at a significant level of communication in business (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). Reed also used the Discourse Ethics theory based on the normative stakeholder of business. He also argued on the distinctions in between ethicality, legitimacy and morality. It helps in providing a comprehensive approach for dealing with stakeholders claims. We are now going to laid emphasis how and what the discourse theory of ethics offers to business fundamentally as well as specifically to the information systems. Discourse Ethics are explained on the basis of the following major contribution (Crane Matten, 2016). Discourse Ethics can be explained on the basis of practical discourse. DE is not at all like all other theory of ethics in that it requires certifiable talk and verbal encounter among the overall public who may be influenced by a standard or proposition and sees the outcome as that which is morally right, persisting clearly that the fundamental debate was sound. DE is in this way absolutely procedural it doesn't pick moral practices however structures for agreeing them. In this, it would seem to have the potential for accomplishing advancing, sensible resolutions of good and incredible concerns. It also relates unmistakably into the move that has occurred inside IS and affiliation science more generally towards sensitive approaches, for instance, programming framework method and mental mapping whos longing is engineering complex issues through examination and in addition judicious judgment. Discourse Theory can also be implementing in business with the help of Universalisation. DE recognizes moral issues which worry everybody who are incorporated in specific circumstance from ethical as well as logical ones that are with respect to specific people or gatherings. It hence pushes us for considering, and include, as vast scope of stakeholders as conceivable in choices and framework outlines (Bowie, 2017). This too connects into a few administration science approaches that anxiety the significance of limits choices, for example, Churchman's morals of frameworks configuration, Ulrich's basic frameworks heuristics, Midgley's limit investigate, and Mingers' basic pluralism. DE is comprehensive, and in a specific sense more reasonable, than other theories of ethics in perceiving that in this present world there exists diverse sorts of issues, and alternate points of view from which to approach them. And in addition, inquiries of equity, DE joins to some degree, the worries of utilitarianisms and consequentiality in tolerating down to business addresses that should be settled through bartering and even the activity of key activity (the functional) (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). It likewise perceives the worries of communitarians in tolerating that a few (moral) inquiries may well not create all inclusive, but rather just neighbourhood, assertion but then can even now be the subject of discerning talk (the great). It recommends that law is a practice, portrayed as far as authenticity, which needs to manage issues in every one of the three of these areas, and we would contend that business (and the general population segment) is comparable in that ev entually long haul adequacy likewise requires an affirmation of the great and the similarly and in addition the functional. Another theory of Virtual ethics theory is relevant for describing the concept of business ethical theory with respect to the context of culture. The virtual theory is the about the virtuous actions that helps in leading to achieve the desired values (DesJardins McCall, 2014). Right when one's setting is diminished to business, virtual speculation battles that looking for after moral measures, systems, and exercises can realize firms understanding their qualities including their focal objective, reason, advantage potential, and distinctive destinations. Judicious specialists have a tendency to finish their parts skilled that is good with the affiliation's goals. Standards are instrumental in empowering a man to act to get qualities (Bryne, 2014). Exactly when agents change in accordance with Objectivist standards, they enhance the likelihood of finishing their qualities and targets. Uprightness ethics concentrates on the importance of each individual labourer having the ability to m ake responsibilities of noteworthy worth. Honest to goodness uprightness thoughts are required to delineate being a superb official, pioneer, administrator, or labourer. To be powerful, a business needs to grasp a course of action of Excellencies such are life based, non-clashing, composed, and thorough. The theory of virtues holds that ethics is an unavoidable bit of business and that it is imperative to arrange great theory into organization speculation and practice. The piece of the balances in business is to arrange and animate direct toward the achievement of the business. Fundamental organization and business ethics converge in light of the fact that each zone has an unequivocal eagerness for the nature and targets of business (Shaw, 2016). In business, the Excellencies support compelling organization and coordinated effort and engage an association to accomplish its destinations. The Randian standards can give a moral structure and organizing system to control a business in fulfilling its goals. The virtue related ethics to business give a sound sensible foundation to business ethics. Given the laws of nature and of human sense, there exists a course of action of Excellencies that fit reality and that are well while in transit to incite accomplishment and euphoria in business. Ayn Rand's Objectivist ethics especially sees creation as the central human regard. In addition, the individual beliefs that she maintained have a quick bearing on work: prudence, dependability, self-rule, value, respectability, productiveness, and pride. These goals can be used as coordinating qualities in a business calling and in the organization of a business. They describe the bewildering director (or other agent) and give the decision that an association should hold onto with respect to theorists, specialists, customers, merchants, and others. Standard ways to deal with oversee business morals (i.e., deontology, consequentialism and sets of recognized rules) are seen as condition based, prescript ive, persuading qualities that establishment the sort of good guidance. Standard frameworks concentrate on an arrangement of restrictive measures or decide that provoke individuals how they should act. Kantian and utilitarian act-masterminded rationalities focus just on the change of standards while dismissing the headway of an individual's character. Neither deontic nor consequentialist judgments can supply palatable activity bearing for settling specific inconveniences. Balance morals ought to be seen as a precondition of, and supplement to, incredible thinking in context of a deontological concentrate on one's feeling of obligation in regards to act and on a teleological concentrate on the outcomes of a development. Unwavering quality is relentlessly identified with the conventionality of significant worth. Esteem, a kind of responsibility regarding the truth, is the honesty of accommodating each man what he fairly legitimizes (Weiss, 2014). Esteem is the declaration of man's soundness in his dealings with other men and joins seeking after and allowing the earned. A shipper, a man of significant worth, gets what he gets and does not plus or minus the undeserved. For instance, an idealistic official must ensure that clients get what they pay for. Moreover, he needs to perceive masters for what they finish and treat them in like way (Bryne, 2014). Operators ought to be fairly surveyed and repaid in light of their commitment toward completing an alliance's essential goal, qualities, and targets. A commendable chief will segregate among each one of those that he manages (i.e., clients, providers, labourers, and so on.) in context of basic qualities and individual advantages, for example, constrain, competency, execution, and character. He won't notoriously separate in context of irrelevant properties, for example, sex, race, nationality. Uprightness is the refusal to allow a break among thought and development. It construes acting constantly with common conclude that will incite achievement and euphoria (Alas, Gao Carneiro, 2015). In business, a delegate soundly made strategies are made with his activities to bring values into reality. From fundamentally more a broad scale perspective, we could express that the uprightness of a business is kept up if the clarification behind which it was made is taken after (i.e., the expansion in proprietor value). Productiveness, the goodness of making material qualities, is the display of deciphering one's examinations and objectives into reality. Productiveness incorporates an essential existential bit of uprightness and is a dedication of every ethical individual (Jayawickreme et al., 2014). Points of interest are a marker of productive work concerning individuals who need to complete, make, and redesign thriving. In a business, the Randian ethics (checking productiveness) offer an arrangement of measures for getting the most rousing power from one's work. Rand's Objectivist morals sees that one ranges for significance and reason in the particular bits of one's life (i.e., one's work life, venerate life, home life, social life, and so forth). Pride, in addition called moral yearning, is a man's sentiment commitment as for completing the best in his life, thusly affecting his ethical perfection. Pride is the reward we secure by living by other six Objectivist adjustment. An ace's drive for achievement is a consequence of his taking pride in the business part of his life. Every master needs to work with a specific end goal to be able to be legitimately cheerful for what he has done (Hursthouse, 2013). Work is required for sustenance, and furthermore for one's mental flourishingit can be seen as a method by which one can keep up a dynamic character, achieve purposes, and take after an objective encouraged way each and every through his lifetime. Therefore, the business ethics is significant in the cultural context. The ethical theory can be implemented in the business life so as to get assured that no unethical conducts are been conducted in the business. Reference List Alas, R., Gao, J., Carneiro, J. (2015). Connections between ethics and cultural dimensions.Engineering Economics,21(3). Bowie, N. E. (2017).Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Byrne, E. F. (2014). Towards enforceable bans on illicit businesses: From moral relativism to human rights.Journal of business ethics,119(1), 119-130. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Demuijnck, G. (2015). Universal values and virtues in management versus cross-cultural moral relativism: An educational strategy to clear the ground for business ethics.Journal of Business Ethics,128(4), 817-835. DesJardins, J. R., McCall, J. J. (2014).Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Hoffman, W. M., Frederick, R. E., Schwartz, M. S. (Eds.). (2014).Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics.ETHICA,645. Jayawickreme, E., Meindl, P., Helzer, E. G., Furr, R. M., Fleeson, W. (2014). Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique.School Field,12(3), 283-308. Reidenbach, R. E., Robin, D. P. (2013). Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 45-67). Springer Netherlands. Shaw, W. H. (2016).Business ethics. Nelson Education. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Instruments to encourage or discourage FDI and their implications for international business.

Economic hardships like the recent economic meltdown, call for ways of jump starting different areas or aspects of a countries economy. It is for this reason that many countries have in the recent past designed packages to help breathe life into an otherwise failing economy. Foreign direct investment comes in handy to support government efforts at growing an economy. Ireland is a good example of a country that benefited immensely from FDI. From the brink of bankruptcy, FDI enabled it to transform its economy into a very promising one.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instruments to encourage or discourage FDI and their implications for international business. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More FDI becomes necessary because many governments especially in the developing and third worlds cannot afford the kind of capital necessary for setting up of industrial facilities or singly rolling out infrastructural projects li ke airports development. Convincing foreign investors to invest in a country is not easy. It is for this reason that governments engage public relations firms and carry out fully fledged marketing campaigns. The aim of such campaigns is to help potential investors realize the investment potential in given countries. To effectively campaign and create awareness about investment opportunities, many countries have well organized agencies that promote investment. IDA in Ireland has been very instrumental in helping attract FDI through its promotional programs. Foreign investors are not philanthropists; therefore, they do not invest where they do not foresee awesome returns or profits. Therefore, to discourage or encourage FDI, a government has to look into the attractiveness of its economy and play around with its control on industries in the economy. Some of the control measures a country can manipulate include taxes, licensing, laws regarding partnerships with foreigners, risk securit y etc. By manipulating such measures, a country encourages international trading or discourages the same completely. One factor that largely attracts foreign direct investment is availability of natural resources. However, availability of resources alone is not enough; government policies on resource management either attract or discourage investors. Much foreign direct investment goes into the oil well in the Arab world. However, some oil rich countries have over time attracted more FDI than others. For example, for a long time, UAE has been the centre of the Arab world; attracting the bulk of FDI. However, in the recent past, small countries like Qatar have become the centre of focus. The countries attract FDI because they have natural resources (oil) but, most importantly, they have instituted friendly government control or policies with regard to the resources. When a country with resources applies anti-FDI policies, it affects growth of international trade.Advertising Look ing for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that a government has to look into to attract foreign direct investment is the infrastructure. Depending on infrastructural developments, a government indirectly controls what sectors are invested into. Investors only go into a country where operation costs allow for a handsome return on investment. Therefore, when a country improves its airports, road transport and has good water access (ports), it is more likely to attract higher FDI than another with poor roads or one that is landlocked. Privatization policies also attract or discourage FDI. In the recent past, due to the structural adjustment programs demanded of Africa by the IMF, most national companies were privatized. A consistent privatization policy often attracts foreign investors. For instance, most telecommunication companies in Africa are owned in part by foreign investors. Taking Ken ya as an example, Vodafone from the UK has a majority stake in Safaricom a leading telecommunication company. Privatization and participation of foreign investors helps integrate small economies into the international business. This essay on Instruments to encourage or discourage FDI and their implications for international business. was written and submitted by user Raven O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Financial Globalization in Modern Business

Financial Globalization in Modern Business Introduction Globalization can be defined as a force or a process that connects more and more people across heretofore-impermeable economic and social boundaries. This means that people become connected across large distances with the assistance of information technology and human transport. This process can also be seen as the advancement of human co-operation across national boundaries, therefore making the world a global village.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Globalization in Modern Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization is a term that is often used to explain todays world. Its terminology has gradually been accepted by the greater public and various scholarly personalities have integrated it as a vocabulary it into their field of research. Globalization has also increased the inclusiveness and the unification of economic systematization, global relations, and has led to a trend of doi ng business in different organizations (Suder, 2007). Proponents of big businesses look at globalization as a blueprint of a straightforward policy agenda that promotes economic growth, increased trade, and integration into the global economy. Therefore, from this perspective, globalization is viewed as unequivocally benevolent and corporations are seen to be leading the way towards spreading the benefits of globalization around the world. Globalization as a trend of doing business The American way of doing business has co-opted globalization into commercial Americanization of and by non-American firms. Post World War 2 saw many American companies expanding into foreign markets while also seeking some mystical formula for success in Japanese management techniques. Asian, European, African, and Latin American firms quietly and gradually learned, refined, and adopted the U.S. business models and practices the American way, while consumerism was still capturing Americans hearts and min ds (Mott, 2004). American businesses have successfully penetrated world markets by largely relying on adding local flavor to a product that has proven successful in home markets such as the McDonalds model of globalization. To expand market penetration into commercial success, U.S. firms have uniformly presented instrumental reason and standardization to integrate those markets into a global economy. Those firms that have succeeded at going global have recognized that the American model is as deep as it is broad and as local as it is global. The successful firms have learned to adapt to local tastes, identify what appeals to or offends the local customers, and change cultural and political climates even while standardizing.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The managers of these organizations are therefore periodically required to maintain a delicate balance between acting locally and thinking globally. This line of thought has led to companies in smaller countries such as Nestle in Switzerland and Heineken in the Netherlands, recognize that their domestic markets were too small to sustain much growth and therefore moved into the international arena, with controlling market costs and reducing labor costs being on their main agenda. The European Union (EU) has also played a significant role in the international business environment by signing trade agreements with different strategic partners, and this has led to the globalization of many of its corporations. The EU has intensive trade agreements with the U.S on integration, business dialogue, and dialogue between consumers, trade unionists and environmentalists, which talks about competition law and recognition of technical standards. The agreement further implies on scientific and technological co-operation, on extradition, on mutual legal assistance, and the cooperation on satellite navigatio n systems (Suder, 2007). The managers of these corporations will therefore be forced to redesign their organizations to act according to these agreements. The trading power of the member states is embodied by its role as the worlds leading exporter of goods. Member states also enjoy comparatively sound GDP on a country-to-country basis. Such an agreement has assisted the EU member states to penetrate the U.S market through their various corporations, and as compared to other trade powers globally, Europe benefits from an exceptional business environment. This can be seen through the following table; Table 1.0 Worldwide exports of the EU Country Percentage of total Percentage of total EU-15 Trade EU-25 trade USA 21.0 % 23.3 % Switzerland 6.5 % 7.4 % China 5.8 % 6.5 % Japan 5.6 % 6.4 % Russia 3.9 % 5.3 % (Suder, 2007) Implications of globalization towards organizational behavior The environment of business has changed at an unprecedented rate, and the understanding an d addressing of this environment has been left to top managers of these businesses. The most significant source of change today that is impacting many organizations is the increasing globalization of organizations and management. The primary concerns are the employee and managerial behavior in an organizational setting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Globalization in Modern Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More a) Human (employee) behavior towards organizational globalization Most organizations do tend to take an international out-look with the globalization of its companies. Firstly, cultural and national boundaries do not necessarily coincide. Some areas of Switzerland are very much like Italy, other parts like France, and still other parts like Germany. Similarly, within the U.S there are large cultural differences across the West coast and the East coast. This therefore sets the stage for behavior al variance across cultures on the international management of these organizations. Employees in companies based in Japan, the U.S, and Germany are likely to have different attitudes and patterns of behavior, therefore behavioral patterns are likely to be widespread and pervasive within an organization. Secondly with culture being a major cause of this variation, the shared values often taken for granted, that help people in a group or organization may conflict with the organizations policies (Mott, 2004). Although the causes and consequences of behavior within organizational settings remains quite diver across cultures, organizational structures still appear to be increasingly similar. The managerial practices at a general level may be more and more alike, but the people who work within organizations still differ noticeably and this may affect organizational effectiveness. b) Managerial role towards Organizational Globalization Individual variations in people from different culture s shape the behavior of managers and their ability to manage, just as with employee variations. In general these differences relate to managerial beliefs about the role of authority and power in the organization. For instance, due some culture variations, some managers may tend to believe that the purpose of an organization structure is to let everyone know who his or her boss is, in relation to medium to high power structures. Also to some financial managers language barrier may hinder them from doing international business, for their lack of understanding what other foreign competitors are doing, and so they may need a guide to capital markets or a translator (Mott, 2004). These barriers may hinder managers from taking the right approach in important decisions within an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implications of globalization towards world economy Globalization is good for market exchange, for businesses, and also to those who have a propertied stake in the economy and also good for consumers. The rise in efficiency that globalization engenders does increase consumers options and reduces the price of some goods and services, this therefore means that the average consumer has more spending power and access to better variety of products. Foods such as corn, mango, tomatoes, strawberries and avocado, do not have to be eaten seasonally due to its availability or not, as today, grocery stores are ripe with all varieties of fruits and vegetables year-round. All this has been made possible due to the trend of organizational partnerships, globalization has therefore given consumers access to perpetual growing seasons. Apart from making this positive step towards strengthening world economies, globalization has been seen to favor wealthy nations, especially the economic elites in tho se countries, as well as the well-to- do in less well-off nations. The poor have been exploited across the board and they do not share in the wealth generated by globalization from above. In reference to international management, most organizations tend to be bias when it comes to employing and do give high positions to one of their own, and the local communities where such organizations are situated, tend to go at loss. Similarly, power is linked to globalization from above while a relative lack of power is linked to globalization from below. Executive Summary Through fortunate or unfortunate historical events, we have seen here how globalization progressed and rose amid these occasions, such as the World War 2 period. Also through innovations in the information technology sector, globalization has been driven across the international waters and territories, therefore bringing a climate of business and investment. It has also led to signing of major international trade agreements s uch as the one between the U.S and EU, which has not only impacted the economies of the two regions, but the world at large. Although globalization has taken a master concept in the world today, it has also attracted critics with powerful attacks against it with concerns of national interests being a major issue. Despite all these concerns, globalization is not an accident and will not be easily stopped. It is the result of long-standing policies between different nations and organizations, and this has seen the United States and other countries create a strong integrative force in the global economy. Many countries and communities have utilized and embarked on the opportunities created by globalization, and this has led to the increase and rise in their economies. Although in some areas it has led to insecurity and lack of control to their economies, which they once had. The model of globalization has also risen on issues concerning cost manipulation on certain products from these companies due to the control which they have on the markets. However, globalization has the potential of raising collateral profits which may help sustain economic growth in the long run. Due to the rapid growth of globalization, some corporations may imply some indirect methods of channeling their businesses, which may have a negative impact on various economies. Major differences are also observed in international management and relations within organizations and culture variations do tend to leave a dent towards globalization. Manager- employee relationship leaves a lot to be desired with concerns of employment biasness being rampant. Managers have a hard time accessing the organizations new global perspective and therefore have to address the local concerns which may take them precious time, this will make their decisions and assertion of power quite cumbersome. Despite these challenges, globalization has opened up doors for international interaction with new and innovative idea s being shared. Conclusion A massive cloud and attitude of openness is required in matters dealing with financial globalization. The effective gains made by globalization can only be sustained and progressed if lawmakers in different countries come up with laws that will expose and cub any malicious acts that various organizations may convey when conducting their businesses. These laws can be better achieved if different trade organizations and partners have a mutual understanding on the same. These agreements and laws should not be seen to favor a particular country or trading bloc, and the minority countries, or people should not be exploited in the process. In relation to international management, various organizations should also come up with an induction course for managers so that they may adapt and learn the local cultures and environment for better relations with employees and locals. The attitude of globalization as a trend of doing business has created an open market and n ew opportunities that if well managed can have a positive economic and social impact to the greater society. References Mott, W. H. (2004). Globalization: People, Perspectives, and Progress. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN-0275979172, 9780275979171. Suder, G. (2007). Doing Business in Europe. London: SAGE Publications. ISBN-1412918464, 9781412918466.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Why Religion Cannot Be Excluded from American Politics Essay

Why Religion Cannot Be Excluded from American Politics - Essay Example This study discusses that  in recent times, there has been a growing feeling that only those views supported by fact should determine public policy. Many perceive religion as an expression of personal opinion, and religious followers share this sentiment. The result of this push has been that fewer religious followers are acting politically because they regard even their own views as opinion rather than fact.This paper outlines that  religious persons play by secularists’ tunes and are made to feel as second-class political participants. Secularists claim that most assumptions in Christianity are based on faith thereby nullifying their validity. However, in order to rightfully claim superiority in political discussions, secularists should also shed any assumptions of faith. This is simply not possible as no humans are value-free.  Secularists believe that society should decide what worth should be placed on man while Christians and other religious followers hold that God determines man’s worth. Therefore, in the abortion debate, secularists may support the act because they believe that some people hold greater value than others. This view is not necessarily based on fact but is an opinion about the primacy of society in determining people’s value. As it can be seen, secularists still engage in the very things that they criticize the church for.  Both groups have their own views on what man’s nature is, so they each deserve a place on the political table.